The main aim of this report has been to collect information regarding the situation of rural areas and the communities residing in each of the participating regions in the ESIRA project. These reports will serve as the basis for the “Benchmark study on social exclusion in rural areas” and the “Multi-level analysis of social economy initiatives in rural areas,” which will be developed during the project with the aim of analyzing the key challenges faced by rural populations, evaluating the effectiveness of existing policies and services, and identifying opportunities to strengthen social inclusion, support social economy initiatives, and foster social innovation in rural communities across Europe.

The report integrates the available literature at the regional/national level as well as statistical data. However, it includes qualitative information coming from key informants in each area. This is a very valuable resource as it allows us to explore the regions’ situations and the drivers behind the possible social and economic disadvantages. Thus, it analyses the situation of people living in rural areas, focusing on territorial inequalities. A deeper overview of the drivers of vulnerability and social exclusion in rural contexts has been done in Pinares Burgos-Soria region. The analysis considers the social processes in the region and the livelihood opportunities at the municipal level. Existing assets and hidden resources in the municipality were assessed according to statistical data and the opinions of the leading local social economy stakeholders.